SARS-CoV-2: mucho más que un virus respiratorio

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, fisiopatología, Manifestaciones Neurológicas, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares,

Resumen

Fundamento: el virus SARS-CoV-2 es responsable de la segunda pandemia del siglo XXI. Desde su aparición en China a finales de 2019, se asocia a neumonía y considera como un virus respiratorio más. Sin embargo, durante su diseminación global demuestra su capacidad para producir daño a otros órganos con manifestaciones clínicas nunca antes descritas para otros virus respiratorios.
Objetivo:
describir la evidencia científica que respalde el daño extrapulmonar directo producido por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en etapas tardías de la infección, que apoyan su naturaleza bifásica y distinta frente a otros virus respiratorios.
Métodos:
se realizó una búsqueda de artículos referente al tema en las bases de datos MEDLINE accedido desde PubMed, SciELO y LILACS. También se tuvieron en cuenta artículos publicados en los repositorios de preimpresión como medRxiv, BioRxiv. Mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias Mendeley, se eliminaron los duplicados y aquellos que no se ajustaban al objetivo del estudio, se seleccionaron 63 artículos para la revisión.
Resultados:
la evidencia sugiere que el SARS-CoV-2 tiene tropismo no solo limitado a las vías respiratorias. La progresión clínica de la COVID-19 presenta un curso bifásico, con manifestaciones de tipo gripal en la primera fase y episodios postagudos y persistentes en la fase tardía, ocasionados por el daño directo al sistema nervioso central, cardiovascular, endocrino y renal.
Conclusiones: la infección por SARS-CoV-2 no debe considerarse solo como una infección aguda y circunscrita a las vías respiratorias.

DeCS: VIRUS DEL SRAS/patogenicidad; INFECCIONES POR CORONAVIRUS/transmisión; INFECCIONES DEL SISTEMA RESPIRATORIO/prevención & control; TROPISMO VIRAL/fisiología; REPLICACIÓN VIRAL.

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Publicado

2021-03-24

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1.
Aguilar-Gamboa FR, Vega-Fernández JA, Suclupe-Campos DO. SARS-CoV-2: mucho más que un virus respiratorio. Arch méd Camagüey [Internet]. 24 de marzo de 2021 [citado 9 de agosto de 2025];25(2):299-315. Disponible en: https://revistaamc.sld.cu/index.php/amc/article/view/8018

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