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Lesiones del ligamento cruzado posterior
Resumen
Fundamento: la lesión del ligamento cruzado posterior es infrecuente, lo provocan los traumas de alta energía y se acompaña de lesiones asociadas de partes blandas y óseas.
Objetivo: profundizar los conocimientos en relación a las lesiones del ligamento cruzado posterior de la rodilla.
Métodos: se realizó la búsqueda de la información desde el primero de diciembre de 2016 hasta el 31 de enero de 2017 y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: posterior cruciate ligament injuries y posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 254 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 51 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, todas ellas de los últimos tres años, donde se incluyeron tres libros.
Desarrollo: se abordan los factores relacionados con la biomecánica y anatomía del ligamento cruzado posterior. Se hace referencia al mecanismo de producción, diagnóstico basado en elementos clínicos e imaginológicos. La indicación quirúrgica es abordada de manera precisa, así como las diferentes técnicas. En relación al tratamiento quirúrgico de las lesiones combinadas se describe el tiempo de realización. Para culminar se hace referencia a las complicaciones divididas en preoperatoria, transoperatoria y posoperatorias.
Conclusiones: las lesiones del ligamento cruzado posterior son tratadas de forma quirúrgica rara vez en caso de ser aisladas, no así en lesiones combinadas donde se requiere de reparación.
DeCS: LESIONES DEL LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR; RODILLA; IMAGEN POR RESONANCIA MAGNÉTICA; PROCEDIMIENTOS QUIRÚRGICOS OPERATIVOS; LITERATURA DE REVISIÓN COMO ASUNTO.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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