Fijación externa en la fractura distal del radio

Alejandro Álvarez López; Yenima García Lorenzo

Fijación externa en la fractura distal del radio

Alejandro Álvarez López, Yenima García Lorenzo

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Resumen

Fundamento: la fractura del extremo distal del radio es una enfermedad traumática frecuente, el tratamiento de esta afección puede ser conservador o quirúrgico, en relación a este último la fijación externa es uno de los más empleados por sus ventajas.
Objetivo: profundizar y actualizar los conocimientos sobre pacientes que sufren de fractura del extremo distal del radio, debido a su alta incidencia en los servicios de urgencia.
Métodos: la búsqueda de la información se realizó en el periodo de un mes (octubre) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: fractures of the distal radius y wrist fracture, a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 1507 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 55 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 53 de ellas de los últimos cinco años donde se incluyeron siete libros.
Desarrollo: se describen los criterios radiográficos de reducción aceptable, así como las indicaciones quirúrgicas generales y en específico de la fijación externa. Se hace referencia a los factores que afectan el tratamiento. Se describen los tipos de fijación externa e indicaciones específicas de cada una. Se plasman los factores predictivos de inestabilidad, las complicaciones y las principales ventajas y desventajas de la fijación externa al compararla con la fijación interna mediante láminas volares.
Conclusiones: la fijación externa es un método efectivo para el tratamiento de pacientes con fractura del extremo distal del radio, ofrece ventajas como su fácil aplicación, logra una buena reducción y estabilidad de manera independiente de los dos tipos de fijación, que tienen indicaciones muy específicas, su uso implica un bajo índice de complicaciones entre las que se destaca la infección en el trayecto de los pines alambres. Por otra parte, los resultados funcionales a largo plazo son muy similares a los logrados por la fijación interna con placas volares.
DeCS: FRACTURAS DEL RADIO/cirugía; FRACTURAS DEL RADIO/terapia; FIJADORES EXTERNOS; RESULTADO DEL TRATAMIENTO; LITERATURA DE REVISIÓN COMO ASUNTO.

Palabras clave

FEDR- Fractura del extremo distal del radio FE- Fijación externa

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