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Osteoartritis de la rodilla y lesiones de menisco
Resumen
Fundamento: los trastornos degenerativos afectan todos los tejidos de la rodilla, entre ellos los meniscos. La forma de presentación en los trastornos degenerativos difiere de las lesiones traumáticas en relación a síntomas, signos y aspectos imaginológicos.
Objetivo: profundizar en los elementos más significativos de los pacientes con meniscos degenerativos.
Métodos: la búsqueda de la información se realizó en un periodo de tres meses (primero de septiembre de 2017 al 30 de noviembre de 2017) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: meniscal tear, knee osteoarthritis and meniscus, meniscal pathology, meniscal damage y degenerative meniscus, a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 371 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 50 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 46 de ellas de los últimos cinco años y se incluyeron cinco libros.
Desarrollo: se abordaron los factores relacionados con las clasificaciones más empleadas en la actualidad. Se hace referencia a la relación entre artroscopia e imagen de resonancia magnética, así como esta última con la histología. Se describen los elementos clínicos más significativos, así como las modalidades de tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico.
Conclusiones: las lesiones degenerativas del menisco acompañan las de otras estructuras dentro de la articulación, su presentación clínica e imaginológica es diferente a las lesiones traumáticas, así como el tratamiento.
DeCS: OSTEOARTRITIS DE LA RODILLA; MENISCO/lesiones; IMAGEN POR RESONANCIA MAGNÉTICA; ARTROSCOPÍA; LITERATURA DE REVISIÓN COMO ASUNTO.
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Referencias
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