Factors of risk that bear upon the development of diabetic retinopathy
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a retinal microangiopathy that provokes anatomical progressive changes in the retina of the patients with diabetes mellitus of long evolution, it is the third worldwide cause of blindness but the first in old fellows productive in developing countries, that it entails an irreversible loss of vision if one does not diagnose and he talks to each other in good timing.
Objective: To describe the behavior of the risk factors in the patients with diabetic retinopathy that attended the retinal consultation of the Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech.
Methods: A descriptive transverse study, in diabetic patients that attended the retinal consultation with the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was carried out in the period understood of October from 2020 to February 2021. The population was composed of 115 diabetic patients that attended the consultation, and they fulfilled the criteria of inclusion, they were applied a fill-out form to pick up data. The results related with the following variables: Type of diabetes (type 1, type 2), present-day treatment, glycemic control and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and severity of the same.
Results: It was more frequent the patients with diabetes type 2, and the proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes type 1. The treatment with hypoglycemic pray to them it was more frequent in frequent users of insulin, the most patients presented glycemic deficient control, the bigger number of patients they had more of 15 years of disease as risk factor, followed of high blood pressure. Only nephropathy did not entail itself as risk factor.
Conclusions: Diabetes type 2 was more frequent than diabetes type 1. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy was frequent in the patients with diabetes type 1. The treatment more used was the oral hypoglycemic ones. Insulin was the treatment used in patients with diabetic retinopathy not proliferative severe and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The bigger group presented deficient glycemic control. To better glycemic control less severity of her diabetic retinopathies. There was statistical association between diabetic retinopathy and most of the risk factors.
DeCS: DIABETIC RETINOPATHY/therapy; RISK FACTORS; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS/therapeutic use; GLYCEMIC CONTROL.
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References
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