Characterization of clinical-epidemiological factors in the incidence of leprosy
Abstract
Introduction: The global goal for the elimination of leprosy is its early detection, which requires a comprehensive approach, knowing the various factors that can favor its acquisition, to develop strategies that contribute to its eradication.
Objective: To characterize the clinical-epidemiological factors in the incidence of leprosy in the Camagüey municipality.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, whose work universe consisted of all the patients with a diagnosis of leprosy in the Camagüey municipality, during the studied period. The variables studied were: clinical forms according to Madrid classification, age, sex, first symptoms and signs, location of the lesions, bacilloscopy, mode of detection, source of infection, and situation of the patient about the focus. The information obtained was processed using the statistical package SPSS v21. The methods used were descriptive statistics of the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies. The results of the study were presented in tables and graphs.
Results: Dimorphic leprosy was the one with the highest incidence, the age group between 60 and older prevailed with a predominance of males, more than half of the patients presented anesthetic spots as the first symptom, and smear coding was zero. The most relevant detection mode was spontaneous, the source of infection was ignored, and the index case prevailed in the patient's situation in relation to the outbreak.
Conclusions: The results of this study show that it is necessary to increase the training of health personnel and deepen the search for cases.
DeCS: MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/epidemiology; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, INFECTIOUS; CONTACT TRACING; RISK FACTORS; FOCAL INFECTION.
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