Impact of bats as carriers of viral diseases on human health
Abstract
Introduction: Bats are the only flight mammals, with around 1,400 species playing critical roles as pest controllers and nocturnal plant pollinators. However, its impact on human health has become increasingly evident, especially after the appearance of epidemic outbreaks of viral diseases related to these mammals.
Objective: To analyze the influence of bats on human health, focusing on their role as carriers of viral diseases and their potential as reservoirs and vectors of diseases.
Methods: A literature bibliographical review was conducted using MeSH descriptors and keywords such as: Animals, Wild Chiroptera, Virus Diseases, Zoonosis, Disease Vectors, Disease Reservoirs, Public Health, bats, Communicable Disease Control, Disease Outbreaks, Prevention and Control. 1442 articles in databases and official documents were reviewed, selecting the relevant sources with Mendeley Desktop 1.19.4., obtaining 47 articles at the end.
Results: There are several species of bats that can affect human health and that mainly harbor viruses from the Filoviridae families, Coronaviridae and Paramyxoviridae. Bats are considered optimal incubators for the spread of the virus due to their unique immune system that makes them particularly resistant to these infectious agents.
Conclusions: Surveillance and monitoring of bats, together with public education actions and proper management of their habitats, are essential for early detection and prevention of transmission of new viruses from these mammals to humans.
DeCS:CHIROPTERA/classification; VIRUS DISEASES; VIRULENCE; DISEASE PREVENTION; IMMUNE TOLERANCE.
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