Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in patients from the community and from the Lambayeque Regional Hospital, Peru
Abstract
Introduction: Since the beginning of the outbreak, differences have been described between the clinical characteristics, evolution and prognosis of patients from different locations in Peru and the world.
Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in patients from the community and the Lambayeque Regional Hospital.
Methods: A study of quantitative approach, relational level and observational design with secondary data was carried out. The documentation technique was used, the data collected in the standardized COVID-19 clinical epidemiological investigation form of the Ministry of Health of Peru was verified.
Results: Of 4,463 patients analyzed, 36.4 % had the presence of SARS-CoV-2, and of these the average age was 40 years, with the female sex being the most frequent (53.4 %). Of the total participants, 23.7 % had no symptoms, however, patients who reported cough, sore throat, malaise, fever/chills, dyspnea, anosmia, ageusia, and pharyngeal exudate were more likely to be infected with SARS- CoV-2. Of the positive patients for COVID-19, 40.2 % had some comorbidity. Likewise, the occupations of police/military, housewife, student and civil construction worker were more likely to test positive for COVID-19, while health personnel had a 33 % lower probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conclusions: It is concluded that almost four out of 10 participants had SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which there was a predominance in men and people of economically active age. A quarter were asymptomatic. Cough, sore throat, malaise, and fever were the most frequent symptoms; likewise, respiratory distress, anosmia, ageusia, and pharyngeal exudate were less frequent, but represented a higher probability of infection. Almost two out of 10 patients had comorbidities such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes, asthma, and obesity. Regarding occupations, health personnel, police and housewives were the most affected groups.
DeCS: COVID-19/epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS; COMORBILITY; RISK FACTORS.
Downloads
References
1. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. COVID-19 map. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resour Cent [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 Nov 2021]. Disponible en: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
2. Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A. Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections. Annu Rev Virol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 Nov 2021];7:83-101. Disponible en: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-virology-012420-022445
3. Cetinkaya EA. Coincidence of COVID-19 Infection and Smell—Taste Perception Disorders. J Craniofac Surg [Internet]. 2020 May [citado 10 Nov 2021];10. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7282409/
4. Wang C, Zhou L, Chen J, Yang Y, Huang T, Fu M, et al. The differences of clinical characteristics and outcomes between imported and local patients of COVID-19 in Hunan: a two-center retrospective study. Respir Res [Internet]. 2020 Nov [citado 10 Nov 2021];21:313. Disponible en: https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-020-01551-5
5. Tian S, Chang Z, Wang Y, Wu M, Zhang W, Zhou G, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China. Front Med [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 Nov 2021];7:210. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235406/
6. Osei SA, Biney RP, Anning AS, Nortey LN, Ghartey-Kwansah G. Low incidence of COVID-19 case severity and mortality in Africa; Could malaria co-infection provide the missing link? BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022 [citado 10 Nov 2021];22:78. Disponible en: https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-022-07064-4
7. Zeberg H, Pääbo S. A genomic region associated with protection against severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neandertals. PNAS [Internet]. 2021 [citado 10 Nov 2021];118(9). Disponible en: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2026309118
8. Ministerio de Salud. Ficha de investigación clínica epidemiológica de COVID-19 [Internet]. Perú: MINSA; 2020 [citado 10 Nov 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.sanbartolome.gob.pe/documentos/epidemiologia/2020/FIcha%20COVID-19.pdf
9. Tejada López Y, Goicochea Ríos ES, Guzmán Aybar OY. Clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Hospital I Florencia de Mora EsSalud – La Libertad, 2020. Rev Fac Med Humana [Internet]. 2021 [citado 10 Nov 2021];21(4). Disponible en: https://inicib.urp.edu.pe/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=rfmh
10. Narro-Cornelio KM, Vásquez-Tirado GA. Características clínico-epidemiológicas en pacientes con diagnóstico covid-19. Red de salud Virú, marzo-mayo 2020. Rev Cuerpo Méd HNAAA [Internet]. 2020 Oct-Dic [citado 10 Nov 2021];13(4). Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2227-47312020000400372
11. Vera-Ponce VJ, Mendez-Aguilar P, Ichiro-Peralta C, Failoc-Rojas VE, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Factores asociados a seropositividad para SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes atendidos en un hospital de zona altoandina peruana. Rev Cuerpo Med HNAAA [Internet]. 2021 [citado 10 Nov 2021];14(Suppl 1). Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?pid=S2227-47312021000300001&script=sci_arttext
12. Tello-Ayllón CA. Evolución de la pandemia COVID19 en las regiones andinas del Perú. An Fac med [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 Nov 2021];81(2):252-3. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/pdf/afm/v81n2/1025-5583-afm-81-02-00252.pdf
13. Diaz-Lazo A, Montalvo Otivo R, Lazarte Nuñez E, Aquino Lopez E. Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de los pacientes con COVID-19 en un hospital situado en la altura. Horiz Med [Internet]. 2021 Abr-Jun [citado 10 Nov 2021];21(2). Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?pid=S1727-558X2021000200008&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt
14. AUCASAT. Así dice prensa nacional. Huánuco, el nuevo epicentro de la pandemia y la impotencia: sin camas UCI, personal ni oxígeno. Radio La Porteña [Internet]. Perú: AUCASAT; 23 Ene 2021 [citado 10 Nov 2021]. Disponible en: https://redselvaaucayacu.com/asi-dice-prensa-nacional-huanuco-el-nuevo-epicentro-de-la-pandemia-y-la-impotencia-sin-camas-uci-personal-ni-oxigeno/
15. Cárdenas Zavala LS. Relación estadística de la infección con SARS-CoV-2, y la mortalidad por COVID-19 con la edad y sexo en pobladores residentes a diferentes alturas [tesis]. Lima: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2021 [citado 10 Nov 2021]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.upch.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12866/10054/Relacion_CardenasZavala_Laura.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
16. Bedoya-Sommerkamp M, Medina-Ranilla J, Chau-Rodríguez V, Li-Soldevilla R, Vera-Albújar Á, García PJ. Variantes del SARS-CoV-2: epidemiología, fisiopatología y la importancia de las vacunas. Rev perú med exp salud publica [Internet]. 2021 Jul-Sep [citado 10 Nov 2021];38(3). Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46342021000300442
17. Aguilar-Gamboa FR, Salcedo-Mejía LA, Serquén-López LM, Mechan-Llontop ME, Tullume-Vergara PO, Bonifacio-Briceño JJ, et al. Genomic Sequences and Analysis of Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants Obtained from Patients in Lambayeque, Perú. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2021; 10(1): e01267-20. doi.org/10.1128/mra.01267-20.
18. Romero PE, Dávila-Barclay A, Salvatierra G, González L, Cuicapuza D, Solís L, et al. The Emergence of Sars-CoV-2 Variant Lambda (C.37) in South America. Microbiol Spectr [Internet]. 2021 Sep-Oct [citado 10 Nov 2021];9(2):e00789. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8549758/
19. Van Bavel JJ, Baicker K, Boggio PS, Capraro V, Cichocka A, Cikara M, et al. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 Nov 2021];4:460-71. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-0884-z
20. Ruiz Aquino M, Diaz Lazo AV, Ubillús M, Aguí Ortiz AK, Rojas Bravo V. Perception of knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 in a group of citizens in the urban area of Huánuco. Rev Fac Med Humana [Internet]. 2021 Abr-Jun [citado 10 Nov 2021];21(2). Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?pid=S2308-05312021000200292&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
21. Hurtado Cuba R, Espíritu N. Factores sociodemográficos relacionados con el uso adecuado de las mascarillas y el distanciamiento social apropiado para evitar el contagio del SARS-CoV-2 en un mercado de abastos en Lima, Perú. Horiz Med [Internet]. 2021 Jul-Sep [citado 10 Nov 2021];21(3). Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-558X2021000300004
22. Suárez V, Suarez Quezada M, Oros Ruiz S, Ronquillo De Jesús E. Epidemiología de COVID-19 en México: del 27 de febrero al 30 de abril de 2020. Rev Clin Esp [Internet]. 2020 Nov [citado 10 Nov 2021];220(8):463-471. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250750/
23. Salinas-Aguirre JE, Sánchez-García C, Rodríguez-Sanchez R, Rodríguez-Muñoz L, Díaz-Castaño A, Bernal-Gómez R. Características clínicas y comorbilidades asociadas a mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 en Coahuila (México). Rev Clin Esp [Internet]. 2022 May [citado 10 Nov 2021];222(5):288-92. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7816557/
24. Navarro Pirez DO, Gallo Navarro J, Martínez Chávez S, Arredondo Bruce AE. Características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Amalia Simoni durante la pandemia Covid-19. Rev méd electrón [Internet]. 2020 Nov-Dic [citado 10 Nov 2021];42(6). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/rme/v42n6/1684-1824-rme-42-06-2474.pdf
25. Schatzmann Peron JP, Nakaya H. Susceptibility of the Elderly to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: ACE-2 Overexpression, Shedding, and Antibody-dependent Enhancement (ADE). Clinics [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10 Nov 2021];75:e1912. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7213670/
26. He W, Yi GY, Zhu Y. Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis. J Med Virol [Internet]. 2020 Nov [citado 10 Nov 2021];92(11):2543-50. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7283745/
27. Thein TL, Ang LW, Young BE, Chen MC, Leo YS, Lye DCB. Differentiating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from influenza and dengue. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021 [citado 10 Nov 2021];11:19713. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8492678/
28. Pezo Dianderas KM, Chávez Fernández DR, Porras Serna RE. Características epidemiológicas de los pacientes atendidos por COVID-19 en el Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Militar Central Luis Arias Schreiber. Horiz Med [Internet]. 2021 Jul [citado 10 Nov 2021];21(3):e1337. Disponible en: https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/view/1337
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright: Camagüey Medical Archive Magazine, offers immediately after being indexed in the SciELO Project; Open access to the full text of the articles under the principle of making available and free the research to promote the exchange of global knowledge and contribute to a greater extension, publication, evaluation and extensive use of the articles that can be used without purpose As long as reference is made to the primary source.
Conflicts of interest: authors must declare in a mandatory manner the presence or not of conflicts of interest in relation to the investigation presented.
(Download Statement of potential conflicts of interest)
The Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey is under a License Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
This license allows others to distribute, to mix, to adjust and to build from its work, even for commercial purposes, as long as it is recognized the authorship of the original creation. This is the most helpful license offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The full license can be found at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
22 julio 2025