Streptokinase almost 30 years after its demonstrated efficacy in acute myocardial infarction
Keywords:
ESTREPTOQUINASA, EFICACIA, INFARTO DEL MIOCARDIO, INTERVENCIÓN CORONARIA PERCUTÁNEA.Abstract
Background: from the study of the Italian Group per lo Studio del la Strepto-chinasi nell’Infarto Miocardico, in 1986 the approach of the treatment of acute myocardial infarction changed; however, there is currently controversy about the choice of treatment.
Objective: to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the different thrombolytic in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and their use versus percutaneous coronary intervention.
Methods: a review of 310 articles published in PubMed, Hinari and Medline was made using the reference management software Endnote. Thirty-four citations were selected to make the review, 17 of them from the last five years.
Development: there are two reperfusion strategies in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: the pharmacologic and the interventional. Among the fibrinolytic (drugs) are those with lytic action, as streptokinase and urokinase, and other group with localized lysis as anistreplase, alteplase, tenecteplase and reteplase. The first ones, with respect to the second group, have the disadvantage of the risk of bleeding and the antigenic activity of streptokinase, not presented by the rest of fibrinolytic drugs. In the first two hours there is no significant difference regarding the mortality reduction with both strategies; after this time, it improves with the intervention.
Conclusions: percutaneous coronary intervention is the ideal form of reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction but, at the same time, it is not yet a common practice in developed countries. Reperfusion with thrombolytic remains the first alternative in second-level hospitals and streptokinase is a safe treatment option. Thus, it is demonstrated that the GISSI study is updated.
DeCS: STREPTOKINASE/therapeutic use; TREATMENT OUTCOME; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; REVIEW LITERATURE AS TOPIC.
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22 julio 2025