Ventilación transoperatoria controlada por volumen versus ventilación obligatoria intermitente sincronizada
Keywords:
ventilación transoperatoria. Ventilación controlada. Ventilación asistidaAbstract
RESUMENFundamento: la ventilación artificial mecánica es la técnica de sustitución de órganos y sistemas más utilizada en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y salones de operaciones. Existen dificultades en cuanto a la elección de un modo ventilatorio durante la cirugía angiológica debido a que la ventilación tiene potenciales desventajas para el paciente.
Objetivo: comparar los modos ventilatorios en pacientes sometidos a cirugía angiológica.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico longitudinal prospectivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 85 pacientes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 64 pacientes sometidos a cirugía angiológica a los que se les administró anestesia general en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey. La fuente de obtención de la información fueron las historias de anestesia. Las variables estudiadas fueron saturación de O2, presión O2 y de CO2; parámetros ventilatorios y hemodinámicas; así como tiempo de recuperación. Se tomaron dos grupos de pacientes en la misma etapa de vida con antecedentes patológicos personales similares y se sometieron aleatoriamente a los dos modos de estudio.
Resultados: los parámetros de oxigenación, la presión meseta, la presión arterial y el tiempo de recuperación no tuvieron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La frecuencia cardiaca fue más alta dentro de límites normales en la modalidad asistida.
Conclusiones: no existe suficiente evidencia para recomendar un modo u otro de ventilación transoperatoria del paciente angiológico. Se recomienda utilizar el modo asistido en pacientes con aumento de la presión pico y el modo controlado en pacientes con frecuencias cardiacas altas y en cardiopatías isquémicas.
Background: mechanical ventilation is the most used technique of substitution of organs and systems in intensive care units and operating rooms. There are difficulties regarding the choice of the mode of ventilation during angiology surgeries since ventilation has latent complications for patients.
Objective: to compare the modes of mechanical ventilation in patients who underwent an angiology surgery.
Methods: a prospective, longitudinal, analytical study was conducted. The universe was composed of 85 patients. The sample included 64 patients who underwent an angiology surgery and were administered general anesthesia in Manuel Ascunce Domenech Teaching Hospital in Camagüey. Anesthesia histories were the source of information. The studied variables were O2 saturation, O2 pressure and CO2 pressure; ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters; as well as the recovery time. Two groups of people in the same stages of life and with similar personal pathological histories underwent randomly the two modes of study.
Results: the oxygenation parameters, the plateau pressure, the arterial pressure, and the recovery time did not show significant differences between the groups. The heart rate was higher within the normal limits in the assisted mode.
Conclusions: there is not enough evidence to recommend a transoperative ventilation mode or another for angiology patients. It is recommended to use the assisted mode in patients with an increase in the peak pressure and the controlled mode in patients with high heart rates and in ischemic heart diseases.
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