Conocimientos sobre sexualidad en adolescentes escolares en la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia
Abstract
RESUMENFundamento: la adolescencia es una etapa en la cual gran parte de la población inicia su vida sexual y presenta conductas de riesgo.
Objetivo: describir los conocimientos sobre sexualidad en adolescentes de una institución educativa pública en la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia.
Métodos: se utilizó un diseño transversal y una metodología de tipo cuantitativa-descriptiva. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario que indaga acerca de los conocimientos sobre fisiología y anatomía de la reproducción, actividad sexual, identidad sexual, orientación sexual, papeles de género y vínculos afectivos, y una encuesta sobre datos sociodemográficos, con preguntas referentes al inicio de la vida sexual y la educación recibida al respecto. En total participaron 196 adolescentes que cursaban grado undécimo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, de dispersión y asociaciones a través de análisis bivariado.
Resultados: el 66, 6 % ya había tenido al menos una relación sexual. El 81 % de los participantes presentó un bajo nivel de conocimientos frente a la sexualidad.
Conclusiones: se considera importante elaborar propuestas de intervención orientadas hacia la promoción de una sexualidad saludable y no solamente hacia la prevención de conductas sexuales de riesgo.
Background: adolescence is a stage in which a great number of people start their sexual life and have risk conducts.
Objective: to describe the knowledge about sexuality of adolescents in a public educational institution in the city of Armenia, Colombia.
Methods: a cross-section design and a quantitative-descriptive methodology were used. A questionnaire was designed and applied to inquire about the knowledge about physiology and reproduction anatomy, sexual activity, sexual identity, sexual orientation, gender roles and affectional bonds. A survey about sociodemographic data with questions related to the start of sexual life and the education received in this regard was also designed and applied. The sampling was probabilistic and intentional and 196 adolescents from second year of high school participated. Measures of central tendency, of dispersion and of associations were calculated by means of a bivaried analysis.
Results: the 66 % of the adolescents had had at least a sexual encounter. The 81 % of the participants presented a low level of knowledge about sexuality.
Conclusions: it is important to create intervention proposals oriented to the promotion of a healthy sexuality, not only towards the prevention of sexual risk conducts.
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22 julio 2025