Oncocercosis de la mandíbula: a propósito de un caso
Abstract
RESUMENFundamento: la oncocercosis, enfermedad de Robles, es una enfermedad parasitaria crónica causada por un gusano nematodo; la filaria Onchocerca volvulus transmitida por moscas negras de la familia Simuliidae, cuyo único hospedero definitivo es el hombre. Es la segunda causa infecciosa de ceguera en el mundo.
Objetivo: describir un caso de una paciente portadora de la enfermedad con un nódulo en la rama ascendente del maxilar derecho.
Caso clínico: paciente africana, femenina, que acude a consulta por presentar aumento de volumen de la mandíbula derecha de varios meses de evolución y tumoración de seis centímetros de diámetro, a nivel del ángulo y rama horizontal derecha del maxilar inferior. En la citología se diagnosticó microfilariasis.
Conclusiones: el parásito se trasmitió en esta enferma, como ocurre en todos los casos, por la picadura de una mosca del género Simulium, que al succionar la sangre de la paciente depositó sus larvas desencadenando la enfermedad.
Background: onchocercosis, also known as Robles’ disease, is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a nematode worm of the genus filaria onchocerca volvulus that is transmitted by black flies of the simuliidae family and the only host of which is man. It is the second infectious cause of blindness in the world.
Objective: to describe the case of a patient carrier of the disease who present a nodule in the right ascending ramus of the lower jaw.
Clinical case: an African female patient who came to consultation for presenting an increase in volume of the right area of the lower jaw of some months of evolution and a tumor of six centimeters in diameter at the level of the right horizontal angle and ramus of the lower jaw. Microfilariasis was diagnosed in the cytology.
Conclusions: the parasite was transmitted to the patient like it happens in all the cases, by the sting of a fly of the genus simulium that sucks the blood of the person and lays the larvae causing the disease.
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22 julio 2025