Osteopetrosis marmórea: reporte de un caso con esta rara enfermedad
Abstract
RESUMENFundamento: la Osteopetrosis agrupa un conjunto de enfermedades óseas caracterizadas por aumento de la densidad ósea, debido a una disfunción osteoclástica. Se la conoce también como enfermedad marmórea o de Albers-Schönberg.
Objetivo: realizar la presentación de un caso de osteopetrosis marmórea y la revisión del tema.
Caso clínico: paciente de sexo masculino, de 14 años de edad. Sin antecedentes de consanguinidad de los padres, que acude por dolor óseo generalizado, que se irradiaba a lo largo de las extremidades, además de cefalea intensa que motivó estudio por neurología. En los estudios neurológicos resaltó la región mastoidea izquierda, por lo que se niega inflamaciones articulares, fiebre, erupción, nódulos, lesiones de piel. No existen elementos de hipoplasia medular asociada a la enfermedad en este paciente. En el examen físico actual no se evidencia hallazgo alguno de enfermedad inflamatoria crónica. Radiografías del paciente revelan un aumento generalizado de la densidad ósea, deformidades por desalineación, esclerosis ósea difusa, esto se traduce en huesos densos, anchos, sin canal medular, lo que representa cartílago hipermineralizado.
Conclusiones: los estudios radiológicos fueron positivos y confirmaron el diagnóstico de la Osteopetrosis marmórea en la forma benigna; no es necesario el uso de otros estudios de imágenes para confirmarlo.
Background: osteopetrosis includes a group of osseous diseases characterized by an increase of the bone density due to an osteoclastic dysfunction. It is also known as marble disease or Albers-Schönberg disease.
Objective: to present a case with marble osteopetrosis and make the review of the topic.
Clinical case: a fourteen-year-old male patient who presented bone pain that spread to the limbs, as well as severe headache that motivated a neurology study. A predominance of the left mastoid region denied the presence of articular inflammation, fever, rash, nodules or skin lesions. There were not elements of medullary hypoplasia associated to the disease of this patient. In the present physical examination no chronic disease was found. The x-rays of the patient show a widespread increase of the bone density, deformities caused by desalination and diffused bone sclerosis; all this means dense, broad bones without medullary channel which represents hypermineralized cartilages.
Conclusions: the radiologic studies were positive and confirmed the diagnosis of marble osteopetrosis (benign). The use of other imaging studies was not necessary to confirm it.
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