Programa personalizado de ejercicios rehabilitadores para niños débiles visuales con retardo del desarrollo psicomotor
Abstract
RESUMENFundamento: incorporar y mejorar socialmente el nivel de vida del niño débil visual con retardo del desarrollo psicomotor, es un reto para los profesionales de la rehabilitación física por ser esta una enfermedad discapacitante desde el punto de vista motor.
Objetivo: analizar los resultados de la aplicación de una guía metodológica, para evitar la aparición de cursos atípicos del desarrollo en niños de 0-12 meses de nacidos con diagnóstico de baja visión, y así estimular el desarrollo psicomotriz a temprana edad en el contexto familiar.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo observacional de caso único, inclusivo y exploratorio, según Bogdan y Bicklen, mediante muestreo no probabilístico en un niño débil visual por coloboma del nervio óptico congénito y retardo psicomotor nacido en febrero 2011, al que se le aplicó un programa personalizado de ejercicios físicos rehabilitadores para débiles visuales con retardo del desarrollo psicomotor. Se seleccionaron 33 ejercicios, que se dosificaron de la siguiente manera: tiempo de trabajo, número de repeticiones, método y medios para realizar los ejercicios; según programa de educación física para lactantes.
Resultados: el programa tomó como referencia la evaluación inicial y su desarrollo físico en el transcurso de las semanas sometido al tratamiento rehabilitador. Resultó novedosa la sistematicidad de los ejercicios. El niño dio los primeros pasos y exploró el medio circundante. Perfeccionó el desarrollo motor, habilidades manuales, lenguaje, aceleró su desarrollo cognoscitivo y comprensión del entorno.
Conclusiones: el programa de ejercicios permitió evaluar la influencia terapéutica en la incorporación rápida del niño a la sociedad, con alcance pleno de su desarrollo psicomotor en el menor tiempo posible.
Background: the integration and social improvement of the standard of living of infants with im-paired vision and delay of the psychomotor development is a challenge for rehabilitation medicine specialists since this is a disabling disease from the motor point of view.
Objective: to analyze the results of the application of a methodological guide to avoid the appear-ance of atypical courses of development in infants between the ages of 1 month and 12 months and new-borns with the diagnosis of impaired vision, thus stimulating psychomotor development at short age in the family context.
Methods: an exploratory, inclusive, qualitative, observational, only-case study, according to Bogdan and Bicklen was conducted by means of non-probabilistic sampling in an infant, born in February 2011, with impaired vision caused by congenital coloboma of the optic nerve and psychomotor delay. The patient was treated by means of a personalized program of rehabilitation exercises for infants with impaired vision and delay of the psychomotor development. Thirty-three exercises were selected according to the physical edu-cation program for infants and defined as following: work time, number of repetitions, method and means to perform the exercises.
Results: the program took as reference the initial evaluation and the physical development of the patient during the course of the weeks on rehabilitation treatment. The systematic application of the exer-cises was completely new. The infant walked for the first time and explored the surrounding environment. The patient improved his motor development, manual skills and language and accelerated his cognitive de-velopment and comprehension of the environment.
Conclusions: the exercises program gave the possibility of evaluating the therapeutic influence in the rapid integration of the infant to society with a full achievement of his psychomotor development in the less possible time.
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22 julio 2025