Incidencia y mortalidad del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda
Keywords:
síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, pediatría, epidemiologíaAbstract
RESUMENFundamento: el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda es una insuficiencia aguda hipoxémica multicausal, frecuente en los servicios de terapia intensiva y con elevada mortalidad.
Objetivo: determinar la incidencia y mortalidad del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña de la ciudad de Camagüey.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos entre diciembre de 1993 a diciembre de 2013, que cumplieran los criterios diagnósticos del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda según el consenso americano-europeo de 1994.
Resultados: en el período de estudio ingresaron 4 438 niños de los cuales el 3,6 % cumplieron los criterios diagnósticos, el 76,6 % de ellos por causa pulmonar directa y el 23,4 % por causa indirecta. El 47,4 % de los pacientes ingresó con un índice de oxigenación menor de 15. La mortalidad global fue de 36,7 % y el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 7-11 años.
Conclusiones: se constató que la incidencia y la mortalidad del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña, tiene un comportamiento afín con otras instituciones de características similares.
Background: acute respiratory distress syndrome is an acute multicausal hypoxemic insufficiency that is frequent in the intensive care units and has a high mortality.
Objective: to determine the incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the intensive care unit of Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña Teaching Pediatric Hospital in Camagüey.
Methods: a descriptive, retrospective, observational study was conducted. The medical histories of the patients admitted in the intensive care unit between December 1993 and December 2003, were re-viewed. These patients matched the diagnostic criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome, according to the American-European consensus of 1994.
Results: during the study period, 4438 children were admitted. The 3, 6 % of the patients matched the diagnostic criteria; the 76, 6 % of them because of direct pulmonary problems and the 23, 4 % because of indirect pulmonary problems. The 47, 4 % of the patients were admitted with an oxygenation index lower than 15. The global mortality was of 36, 7 % and the most affected age group was 7-11 years old.
Conclusions: it was found that the incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the intensive care unit of Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña Teaching Pediatric Hospital in Camagüey has a par-allel behavior to other institutions of similar characteristics.
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