Serum thyroglobulin and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Abstract
Introduction: In recent decades, a progressive and significant increase in the global incidence of thyroid cancer has been observed, making it a health concern to be addressed.
Objective: To characterize serum levels of thyroglobulin and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted at the Vladimir Ilich Lenin Hospital in Holguín province from January 2021 to December 2023, with a sample of 60 patients. Serum thyroglobulin, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, therapeutic response and other variables were measured.
Results: The predominant characteristics were female sex 48 (80 %), follicular cancer 36 (60 %), and treatment with total thyroidectomy 31 (51.7 %); the recurrence rate was 5 (8.3 %). In 10 patients (16.67 %), thyroglobulin levels were above 20 ng/mL, and in 19 patients with more than 5 years of treatment, levels dropped to ≤1 ng/mL, as did anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels. The largest number of patients had an indeterminate response (51.67 %).
Conclusions: Patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and I-131 ablation maintained low thyroglobulin levels from the start of treatment. These patients showed a greater tendency for anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels to decrease and become negative, as well as a better therapeutic response, compared to patients who underwent total thyroidectomy alone. Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were transiently elevated postoperatively, primarily in patients who did not undergo ablation, and were not associated with cancer recurrence.
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