Impact of Advanced Technologies on Precision and Outcomes in Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Introduction: Over the past decades, advancements in surgical technologies have transformed total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a key procedure for treating severe joint pathologies. Tools such as robotic surgery, computer-assisted surgery, patient-specific guides, and navigation systems have been developed to enhance implant placement accuracy, reduce postoperative complications, and optimize patients’ functional recovery. However, implementing these technologies raises questions about their actual impact on clinical and economic outcomes compared to conventional methods.
Objective: To evaluate the influence of advanced technologies, including robotic surgery, computer-assisted techniques, patient-specific guides, and navigation systems, on surgical precision, complication rates, recovery times, and implant survival.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore. The search included studies published in the past 10 years that analyzed the clinical and economic outcomes of these tools.
Results: The findings indicate significant improvements in surgical precision and a reduction in short-term complications, such as alignment issues and thrombosis. However, long-term benefits in functionality and prosthesis revision rates are inconsistent. Additionally, high associated costs pose a barrier to widespread adoption.
Conclusions: While advanced surgical technologies offer advantages in terms of precision and short-term complication reduction, their impact on long-term functionality and economic benefits is not yet fully established. Further clinical and economic research over the long term is necessary to assess their broader adoption in surgical practice.
DeCS:KNEE/surgery; ARTHROPLASTY, REPLACEMENT, KNEE; ROBOTIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SURGERY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED.
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