Risk factors associated whit oral premalignant lesions

Abstract

Introduction: Premalignant oral lesions are morphological alterations of the tissues, caused by various risk factors, which trigger an imbalance in the body that increases the risk of malignancy anywhere in the mouth.
Objective: To determine the association between risk factors and oral premalignant lesions.
Methods: An analytical observational case-control epidemiological investigative study was carried out in patients from clinic 6 of the Guisa municipality in 2022, clinically diagnosed with premalignant lesions and exposed or not to risk factors such as smoking, alcoholism, thermic and local irritants. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used, the study variables were defined. The population was made up of 430 people and the sample was made up of 135 patients distributed in 45 case and 90 controls that met the selection criteria. It was calculated through the EPIDAT Statistical System version 4.1 for Windows, using the simple random method. To determine the statistical association, the Odds Ratio was used with a value greater than one and the value of statistical significance (p) less than 0.05.
Results: The female sex predominated 30 (66.67 %). The most affected age group was between 37 and 59 years 23 (51.11 %). Patients exposed to tobacco consumption prevailed 33 (73.33 %). There was a high percentage of patients with alcoholism 37 (87.32 %). It was found that 29 (64.44 %) patients were exposed to traumatic irritants and 28 (62.22 %) to thermal irritants. The value (p) obtained in the research was statistical significant, less than 0.05.
Conclusions: A direct association was demonstrated between risk factors and the appearance of premalignant lesions. It is necessary to interact with the population to reduce the practice of these habits, the majority of patients presented alterations in the morphology of the oral cavity.

DeCS: MOUTH/injuries; RISK FACTORS; PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS; TOBACCO USE DISORDER; ALCOHOLISM.