Clinical and epidemiological characterization of bronchiolitis in infants under six months in Santa Clara, Villa Clara
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory infection of generally viral etiology, a frequent cause of infant morbidity and mortality, which caused a high demand for care.
Objective: To characterize the behavior of bronchiolitis in infants under six months of age with hospital admission belonging to the municipality of Santa Clara during the year 2022.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the José Luis Miranda Pediatric Hospital in Villa Clara with infants under six months of age from the municipality of Santa Clara admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis from January to December 2022. The sample consisted of 74 infants under six months of age. The data source was the hospital medical record and a form with the variables under study used to extract the data. The variables under study were: age, sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight, breastfeeding, passive smoker, nutritional status, comorbidities, overcrowding, severity of bronchiolitis and complications.
Results: The most frequent ages were those under three months (56.76 %); with mild forms of the disease predominating (46) and few severe forms unrelated to the age of the patients. Among the main risk factors were early weaning, overcrowding, comorbidity, and passive smoking, associated with moderate and severe forms of the disease. The main complications were pneumonia, acute otitis media, and atelectasis.
Conclusions: Bronchiolitis is a more frequent disease in the first months of life with a generally benign evolution and is associated with potentially preventable risk factors.
DeCS: BRONQUIOLITIS/diagnosis; BRONCHIOLITIS/epidemiology; INFANT; RISK FACTORS; COMORBIDITY.
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22 julio 2025