Clinical- epidemiological diagnosis of oral-maxillofacial defects in a population of Ciego de Avila

Abstract

Introduction: Oral and maxillofacial lesions are a real health problem, the timely rehabilitation of patients with loss of structures of the face or attached areas, enables physical-psychological recovery and normal reintegration into social life.
Objective: To determine the clinical-epidemiological diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial defects in a population of Ciego de Ávila.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the period between January 2021 and December 2022, the universe was made up of 59 patients with a clinical diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial defects. The following variables were operationalized as study variables: type of oral-maxillofacial defect, sex, causes, and real rehabilitation needs. Descriptive statistics were used and frequency distributions were made for all the variables under study and the results were presented in absolute and relative values. The results were reflected in tables to facilitate their analysis and interpretation.
Results: Ocular defects predominated 32.2 % of the examined patients, the male sex was more affected with 50.8 % where auricular alterations stood out with 8.5 % and ocular alterations at 25.4 %, the main cause of the defects was traumatic with 44.1 % and 42.4 % in need of rehabilitation.
Conclusions: When diagnosing the oral and maxillofacial defects, the ocular and maxillary defects predominated, the male sex, the traumatic cause and the rehabilitation needs were concentrated in the ocular defect in addition to the nasal and auricular defects.

DeCS: MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES/diagnosis; MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES/epidemiology; MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS; MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE.