Consideraciones de bioseguridad en la realización de la autopsia de casos positivos de COVID-19

Alberto José Piamo-Morales, Daisy Ferrer-Marrero

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Resumen

Fundamento: la autopsia permitirá dilucidar la patogenia y la correlación clínico-patológica de la infección por SARS-Cov-2, si bien su realización presenta riesgos de contagio, estos pueden ser minimizados al aplicar medidas de bioseguridad recomendadas por instituciones con gran experiencia en el manejo de enfermedades infecciosas.
Objetivo: contribuir a la organización de la evidencia sobre la realización de autopsias de casos COVID-19 bajo niveles óptimos de bioseguridad.
Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en MEDLINE/PUBMED, se utilizaron las palabras: COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, autopsia y bioseguridad. Se incluyeron guías y resoluciones de instituciones, series y presentaciones de casos con descripción de los procederes de autopsia. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron: el país, número de autopsias realizadas, tipo de autopsia (completa o mínimamente invasiva), descripción de las medidas personales de bioseguridad y características del espacio físico de la morgue.
Resultados: se obtuvieron 27 artículos que describen los procedimientos, equipos empleados y condiciones de infraestructura para garantizar la bioseguridad. De ellos, 13 describen la realización de la autopsia en una sala con presión negativa, y en 11 se describe la técnica y las medidas de bioseguridad a utilizar, con el uso de los equipos de protección personal. Se hallaron un total de cuatro documentos normativos o recomendaciones oficiales sobre los procedimientos a seguir para la realización de la autopsia con el mínimo de riesgos. Además de dos artículos que resumen dichas normativas.
Conclusiones: los exámenes post mortem de casos COVID-19 se pueden realizar de manera segura con la aplicación de los equipos de protección personal adecuados.

DeCS: INFECCIONES POR CORONAVIRUS; AUTOPSIA; CONTENCIÓN DE RIESGOS BIOLÓGICOS; REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA; EQUIPO DE PROTECCIÓN PERSONAL.

Palabras clave

COVID-19, autopsia, bioseguridad, infeccioso.

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