Cartílago y gonartrosis

Alejandro Alvarez-López, Rodrigo Fuentes-Véjar, Sergio Ricardo Soto-Carrasco, Tuan Nguyen-Pham, Yenima de la Caridad García-Lorenzo

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Resumen

Fundamento: el cartílago articular es un tejido avascular, aneural y alinfático que desempeña un importante papel en la articulación, su afección más frecuente es la de tipo degenerativa.
Objetivo: actualizar los conocimientos sobre el cartílago articular normal, envejecido y con cambios degenerativos.
Métodos: la búsqueda y análisis de la información se realizó en un periodo de tres meses (primero de octubre al 31 de diciembre de 2018) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: cartilage AND osteoarthritis, cartilage AND knee osteoarthritis, cartilage a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 164 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 50 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, de ellas 48 de los últimos cinco años.
Resultados: se mencionan los aspectos macro y microscópicos del tejido, así como su organización por zonas y áreas. Se describen los cambios que ocurren en el proceso degenerativo a diferentes niveles y en el envejecimiento.
Conclusiones: el cartílago articular es la estructura anatómica más afectada en la articulación por el proceso degenerativo. Se encuentra organizado por zonas y áreas, las que se afectan a medida que avanza la enfermedad. El origen de la destrucción del cartílago es enzimático y repercute en las demás estructuras como el tejido sinovial y hueso subcondral. Es importante conocer las diferencias entre el envejecimiento y la afección degenerativa de este tejido.

DeCS: CARTÍLAGO ARTICULAR; OSTEOARTRITIS/enzimología; ARTROPATÍAS; OSTEOARTRITIS DE LA RODILLA; MEMBRANA SINOVIAL.

Palabras clave

Cartílago articular Cambios artrósicos Gonartrosis

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